"We strongly believe that no adaptation plan or strategy would be effective without enhanced financing and greater technological support and access for developing countries," Pakistani Environment Minister Syed Faisal Saleh Hayat said at the one-day summit.

Faisal spoke on behalf of the Group of 77, a bloc that despite its name represents about 130 developing countries, including the emerging giant China.

He ruled out demands from some quarters that developing countries accept targeted curbs on their emissions.

A key argument cited by US President George W. Bush for abandoning the Kyoto Protocol in 2001 was that the UN treaty only imposed these limits on developed countries and not on countries such as China and India, which have become major polluters in their own right.

Rich countries are responsible for some 70 percent of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the world today, as they became the first to burn the coal, oil and gas that spurred the Industrial Revolution.

Developing countries are wary about being coaxed into any binding targets, fearful that the cost of implementing such promises could brake their rise out of poverty.

Faisal said rich countries should deepen their reduction commitments in the next phase of the Kyoto Protocol and also help poorer nations to avoid increases in their own pollution and tackle the impacts of climate change.

"The international community should first extend the first commitment of the Kyoto Protocol beyond 2012, all Annex 1 countries should accede to the Protocol and fully implement their commitments," he said.

Annex 1 countries are developed economies under the Protocol. The United States and Australia are the last major Annex 1 holdouts to refuse to ratify the accord.

Negotiations for the post-2012 period enter a crucial stage in December at talks in Bali, Indonesia, gathering parties to Kyoto's parent treaty, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

"A global strategy will not work if it does not include pro-development and pro-poor measures," said Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said developed countries should "continue to take the lead in reducing emissions after 2012."

Developing countries "should also take pro-active measures and control the growth of greenhouse-gas emissions to the best of their ability and in keeping with their particular conditions," said Yang.

Indian Finance Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram pointed out that India's per-capita emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) "is among the lowest in the world -- it is approximately one tonne per annum, as against a world average of four tonnes per annum."

"Currently, developing countries bear an inordinate share of the burden of climate change, though this is due to the high level of emissions of developed countries," he said.

Kenya's environment minister David Mwiraria proposed that rich nations cut emissions by at least 30 percent below 1990 levels by 2020.

"In the post 2012 climate regime, one of the critical design features has to be equity," he said.

Small island developing states said they should be given priority in any global fund set up to cope with climate change.

It is "the single most important threat" facing their development, security and territorial existence, said Grenada's Prime Minister Keith Mitchell, speaking on behalf of the small island states.

The United States later this week will launch its own process among 16 major polluting economies -- an initiative that defenders of Kyoto fear could undermine the slower but inclusive UNFCCC process and lead to an unambitious, voluntary deal among a small club.

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