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FLORA AND FAUNA
Biologist says 6th grade science project stole his lion fish research
by Brooks Hays
Jupiter, Fla. (UPI) Jul 22, 2013


Elephant's nose better at smelling than all other mammals
Tokyo (UPI) Jul 22, 2013 - Humans don't usually think of the ability to smell as an important survival tool -- just a way to tell if the garbage needs to be taken out. But mammals use their noses for all kinds of vital activities: finding food, determining whether food is safe to eat (or rotten), locating mates, avoiding predators and so on.

And among mammals, nobody has a better sense of smell than an elephant. Researchers have known elephants possess some serious sniffing skills, but only recently did they nail down some hard evidence of the animal's superiority. The ability to differentiate between lots of different smells is determined by how many olfactory receptors are found in an organism's genome.

A group of researchers led by Yoshihito Niimura, a molecular evolutionist at the University of Tokyo, analyzed the olfactory genes of 13 mammalian species. The African elephant, with 2,000 receptors, had the most -- double the amount dogs have, and five times as many as humans.

Their analysis was also able to isolate older more stable genes and others that have evolved over time, spawning new genes specific to the African elephant's environment.

The findings lend credence to an array of previous research heralding the keen noses of African elephants. One study showed the species could differentiate between two ethnic groups in Kenya, the Maasai and the Kamba.

"Maasai men spear elephants to show their virility, while Kamba people are agricultural and give little threat to them; therefore, elephants are afraid of Maasai men," said Niimura, lead author of the new study, published this week online in the journal Genome Research.

As to why the elephant has developed such an impressive sense of smell, Niimura thinks part of the reason is that the animal's nose is essentially its first point of contact with the surrounding world -- it is its hand.

"Imagine having a nose on the palm of your hand," he said. "Every time you touch something, you smell it!"

Whoever said there's no such thing as bad publicity may want to pay attention to the story of Lauren Arrington, the sixth-grader who made national news this week for her lion fish research project. But her moment in the limelight could be souring -- that is if there is credence to allegations that her research may have been lifted from former ecology grad student Zack Jud.

As of this morning, it appeared Arrington had impressed marine biologists with her research into how far the invasive and poisonous lion fish might travel up estuaries. In proving that the species can tolerate water with less salt than previously thought, Arrington found her way into a number of national news stories.

But Zack Jud, alleges the sixth grader, likely under the direction of her father, has lifted her project from his research living in low-salinity estuarine habitats, which he completed in 2011. Lauren's father, Dr. Albrey Arrington, who has a PhD in fish ecology, is apparently listed as a contributing author on Jud's 2011 research paper, but a Central Florida Aquarium Society (CFAS) report states "he had absolutely nothing to do with the research."

CFAS lists a number of additional resources that support Jud and discredit Arrington's claims to scientific fame. Jud, understandably upset over his hard work being annoyed, is nonetheless reluctant to attack the 13-year-old self-proclaimed "science geek."

On his Facebook page Jud lamented that while the story of Arrington's lion fish research goes viral, his "years of groundbreaking work on estuarine lionfish are being completely and intentionally ignored."

"At this stage in my career, this type of national exposure would be invaluable," Jud wrote. "I feel like my hands are tied. Anything I say will come off as an attempt to steal a little girl's thunder, but it's unethical for her and her father to continue to claim the discovery of lionfish in estuaries as her own."

(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));

Post by Zack Jud.

But now that the story of scientific theft is picking up steam, Jud may get the journalist justice he's seeking.

.


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