New Delhi's homeless will be given cotton masks to help them survive in the world's most polluted major city, officials said Monday, although experts said the basic coverings would be useless against deadly smog particles.

Each winter the capital of 20 million chokes through haze so extreme that levels of airborne pollutants eclipse safe limits by more than 30 times.

The poor and homeless suffer the worst, through constant exposure to a toxic brew of car fumes, factory exhaust and construction dust.

Measures to curb the smog -- from reducing heavy goods traffic and firecrackers to banning farmers from using fire to clear their fields -- have failed to clear the skies.

Bipin Rai from Delhi's city government told AFP that 10,000 face masks would be given "to homeless families, women, patients and children as pollution levels are on the rise".

But experts said these masks offered little to no protection against the most poisonous pollutants in the air -- particles known as PM2.5 so small they can penetrate the heart and cardiovascular system.

"These masks are redundant, as fine particles harmful to the human body will not be filtered out," Vivek Chattopadhyay from the Centre for Science and Environment told AFP.

"It is ineffective, and the government should instead offer medically approved masks."

Rai, from Delhi's Urban Shelter Improvement Board, defended the scheme.

"Has any expert who is commenting on the masks and their durability tested them? How can they comment on something they've not tried," he said.

Levels of PM2.5 measured by the US embassy in Delhi on Monday showed readings hit 378 -- more than 15 times safe limits.

The World Health Organization last year said exposure to air pollution killed 600,000 children around the globe every year.

Tiny particles in the air can be absorbed into the bloodstream and have been linked to chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and heart disease.

The report found that children in poorer countries are far more at risk, with a full 98 percent of all children under five in low- and middle-income countries exposed to PM2.5 levels above WHO air quality guidelines.

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Delhi's toxic air spikes after Diwali firework frenzy
New Delhi (AFP) Nov 8, 2018
Indian police arrested hundreds of revellers after a frenzied night of festival fireworks turned city air toxic nationwide on Thursday despite a preemptive court ban on the smog-fuelling party. More than 300 people were arrested in Delhi, the world's most polluted major city, where the Supreme Court had restricted public fireworks to two hours in the evening and insisted on use of cleaner "green" firecrackers to mark the Hindu festival of Diwali. But the choking capital's 20 million residents la ... read more