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TRADE WARS
EU urges big powers to avert trade 'conflict and chaos'
By Ben Dooley
Beijing (AFP) July 16, 2018

US challenges trade war counter-tariffs at WTO
Washington (AFP) July 16, 2018 - The United States on Monday launched challenges at the World Trade Organization to hit back at the major trading partners that have retaliated against President Donald Trump's tariffs on metals and goods from China.

Washington opened separate disputes against China, the European Union, Canada, Mexico and Turkey, challenging the counter-tariffs those countries have imposed on American farm exports and machinery, the US Trade Representative said in a statement.

Despite outrage over the US actions, the White House says alleged unfair trade by these economies means Trump's stinging tariffs are justified -- but retaliation is not.

"The actions taken by the president are wholly legitimate and fully justified as a matter of US law and international trade rules," US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said in a statement.

"Instead of working with us to address a common problem, some of our trading partners have elected to respond with retaliatory tariffs designed to punish American workers, farmers and companies."

Lighthizer said the counter-tariffs breached WTO obligations.

Since March, Trump has ratcheted up pressure on China and traditional allies, imposing tariffs on scores of billions of imports in steel, aluminum, washing machines, solar panels and broad swathes of Chinese manufactured goods and machinery.

Mexico's Economy Ministry vowed to defend itself against the new US actions at the WTO.

"The measures applied by Mexico were in response to the duties imposed, unjustly and with national security argument, by the US government on imports of Mexican steel aluminum," the ministry said in a statement.

"US purchases of Mexican steel and aluminum do not represent a national security threat to that country."

According to the US Chamber of Commerce, retaliatory tariffs on US exports -- targeted to cause pain in the voting areas on which the governing Republican party relies heavily -- now cover about $75 billion in American exports.

Trump this month responded to Beijing's retaliatory duties on American goods by formally beginning a process which could see tariffs imposed on an additional $200 billion in Chinese products as soon as September.

The International Monetary Fund warned that growing trade restrictions were "the greatest near-term threat" to the world economy, amid projections for slower growth in Germany, France, Japan and China.

"If countries could cooperate to revise the multilateral system in a way that allowed them better to address the tensions that have been out there, that would be very positive for global growth," IMF chief economist Maurice Obstfeld told reporters.

The European Union on Monday urged the United States, China and Russia to work together to ease worsening global trade tensions, warning that they could otherwise spiral into "conflict and chaos".

The comments from EU Council President Donald Tusk come as Washington and Beijing stand on the brink of a trade war which many fear could hammer the global economy, while the US has also picked fights with allies in Europe and Canada.

"It is the common duty of Europe and China, but also America and Russia, not to destroy (the global trade order) but to improve it, not to start trade wars which turned into hot conflicts so often in our history," Tusk said in Beijing.

"There is still time to prevent conflict and chaos."

Tusk spoke at an annual EU-China summit held Monday against the backdrop of the deepening trade discord.

The EU -- the world's biggest single market with 28 countries and 500 million people -- is trying to buttress alliances in the face of the protectionism unleashed by US President Donald Trump's "America First" administration.

The meeting between Chinese and European officials in Beijing, which also included European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker, came as Trump prepared to hold talks in Helsinki with Russian leader Vladimir Putin.

Trump fuelled the rising rancour in a interview aired Sunday in which he labelled the EU, Russia and China as "foes" of the United States.

- 'Multilateralism under attack' -

Tusk said the world needs trade reform and not confrontation.

"This is why I am calling on our Chinese hosts, but also on Presidents Trump and Putin, to jointly start this process from a thorough reform of the WTO (World Trade Organization)," Tusk said, without specifying the reforms.

"Today we are facing a dilemma: whether to play a tough game, such as tariff wars and conflict in places like Ukraine and Syria, or to look for common solutions based on fair rules," Tusk said.

In a meeting later with Chinese President Xi Jinping, Juncker said that "multilateralism is under attack, an attack unprecedented since the end of World War II."

"We cannot accept that through unilateral attacks, the multilateral system should be damaged," he said, also stressing the need for WTO reform.

French President Emmanuel Macron had called in late May for talks on overhauling the WTO at a time when European companies were bracing for punishing US tariffs on steel and aluminium imports that ultimately went into effect on June 1.

Besides the steel and aluminium tariffs on the EU, Russia and major US trading partners, Trump earlier this month implemented tariffs on $34 billion worth of Chinese imports, drawing a tit-for-tat response from Beijing.

Washington last week threatened yet more measures on another $200 billion in Chinese goods.

Beijing has said it would retaliate for that, and on Monday the Commerce Ministry said it had added the $200 billion tariff threat to existing WTO complaints which it has lodged against Washington.

The back-and-forth has heightened fears that trading powers will hunker down into a destructive all-out trade war that could hit global growth.

China said on Monday that its economic growth rate had slowed slightly to 6.7 percent in the second quarter of this year, from 6.8 percent the previous quarter, and a government spokesman warned that a trade conflict threatens all the countries concerned.

"The China-US trade friction unilaterally provoked by the United States will have an impact on the Chinese and US economies," said Mao Shengyong, a spokesman for the national statistics bureau.

"Now that the world economy is deeply integrated, industrial chains have become globalised, and many related countries also will feel an impact."


Related Links
Global Trade News


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