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European governments move to veto Facebook's digital money
By Delphine TOUITOU
Washington (AFP) Oct 18, 2019

G20 expected to back OECD's digital tax proposal
Washington (AFP) Oct 18, 2019 - G20 finance ministers Friday are expected to give the green light to an OECD proposal that aims to find an agreement on taxing global tech giants by June.

The deal aims to solve the puzzle on how to tax technology firms, which shift the bulk of their earnings to low-tax jurisdictions, a major challenge with the increasing digitization of the economy, while heading off a myriad of new tax laws from individual governments.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) will present its "unified approach" to a digital tax at a G20 gathering on the sidelines of annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.

Public outrage has grown over the practice of profit shifting, which critics say deprives governments of their fair share of tax revenue, since tech giants can often pay next to nothing in countries where they rake in huge earnings since they are based in low-tax nations.

The negotiations, which started in January after several years of delay, were deadlocked over three divergent and competing proposals by Britain, the United States and India.

The OECD has sought a compromise by presenting its own "unified approach" last week.

After a green light from the G20, the 134 countries involved in the negotiations will have to reach a political agreement to move forward.

They were looking at a "June 2020 timeframe," said Pascal Saint-Amans, director of the OECD Center for Tax Policy and Administration, at a press conference in Washington.

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria last week said officials were making "real progress" to address the tax challenges arising from the digital economy but warned time was running out.

- 'Unified approach' -

"Failure to reach agreement by 2020 would greatly increase the risk that countries will act unilaterally, with negative consequences on an already fragile global economy. We must not allow that to happen," Gurria said.

France moved ahead over the summer to impose a digital tax -- amid outcry from Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple -- but has vowed to scrap it once a new international levy is in place.

EU Commissioner Pierre Moscovici has already said the bloc "will welcome this approach in a positive manner" while expressing some reservations, hoping their ambitions would not be diluted.

The "unified approach" gathers common elements from the three competing proposals.

The OECD proposal would mean reallocating some profits and corresponding taxation rights to countries and jurisdictions where digital giants have their market, regardless of where the firms are registered.

The new rules would mean that such companies would be taxed in places where they conduct significant business even if they do not have a physical presence there -- an issue that has little significance in the increasingly digital age.

According to the OECD, so-called market countries and developing nations would be the winners in this tax reform, and the losers would be the tax havens that host the headquarters of multinationals.

"Investment hubs are not winners and are significantly affected," said Saint-Amans.

But he denied the proposal favored rich countries, such as members of the OECD.

"Developing countries are involved and very active," he said.

The global tech giants have also signaled their approval.

Amazon, whose European headquarters are in Luxembourg, a low-tax jurisdiction, called it "an important step forward" while Facebook said it supported "multilateral approaches such as the one adopted by the OECD."

Major European players are joining forces to block Facebook's proposed digital currency because of the dangers it poses to national sovereignty, French Economy Minister Bruno Le Maire announced Friday.

The firm opposition from France, Italy and Germany adds to the mounting resistance faced by the tech giant's troubled foray into digital finance.

The Group of 20 economies also warned Friday of "serious" risks of money laundering, fraud and illicit finance posed by Libra, the social media network's proposed digital currency.

Italy, Germany and France will take unspecified steps in the coming weeks "to show clearly that Libra is unwelcome in Europe," Le Maire told reporters on the sidelines of the annual meetings of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in Washington.

"We will not allow a private company to have the same power, the same monetary power as sovereign states," he added.

"The major difference between Facebook and governments is that we are subject to democratic control, that is the control of the people."

The Group of Seven economies on Thursday had said any reserve-backed digital currency like Libra -- known as a stablecoin -- would require a sound legal framework before entering circulation.

But European officials say they want to go even further by blocking the currency outright.

Like Le Maire, German Finance Minister Olaf Scholz said Friday he was "very skeptical" about Libra.

"I favor not allowing the establishment of such a global currency because that is the responsibility of democratic states," he said.

But Scholz said he recognized the need for banking reforms to make cross-border payments more simple, cheap and speedy.

"At the same time, we must protect the autonomy of democratic states," he said.

- Answer: a clear 'no' -

Italian Finance Minister Roberto Gualtieri agreed, telling reporters on Friday there was a "strong consensus" among nations not to allow private currencies.

Libra also has faced challenges from within as major financial and commercial players in recent weeks backed out of the project, including Visa, Mastercard, eBay, Stripe, PayPal and the online travel firm Bookings Holdings.

But the Libra Association has tried to ward off a blockade by saying it will address the concerns posed by government officials.

"I repeat our priority today is to work with regulators to answer their legitimate questions and provide all necessary assurances," said Bertrand Perez, managing director of the association.

Le Maire, however, appeared to rule out such cooperation with Facebook, noting that the social media giant planned to tie its cryptocurrency to a basket of reserve assets.

"All Facebook would have to do would be to decide to use more or fewer dollars or euros to affect the exchange rate between the euro and the dollar, and thus have a direct impact on trade, industry and nations which use the dollar or euro as their base currency," he said.

This could harm monetary policy and affect governments' efficiency, he added.

"Do we want to put monetary policy in the hands of a private company like Facebook? My answer is clearly no," he said.

Still, he said he was not opposed to the creation of a digital currency, which France could develop "in a European framework."

"The right answer is not a private digital currency under the control of one of the largest multinationals on the planet," he said, referring to Facebook's billions of users.

The Libra association officially launched Monday in Geneva with 21 founding members, including the telecoms firms Vodafone and Iliad, as well as tech outfits Uber, Spotify and Farfetch, blockchain operations such as Anchorage, Xapo and Coinbase and the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.

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Facebook

EBAY

MASTERCARD

Spotify

VODAFONE GROUP

ILIAD

VISA

Uber


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