New Mexico's Environment Department served Holloman Air Force Base with a notice of violation after monitoring wells tested at twice the acceptable levels for suspected carcinogenic contaminants.

Violations of the discharge permit trigger corrective action requirements for the Air Force, according to a state environment agency news release this week.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, were found in groundwater on the base at levels nearly twice the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water health advisory in monitoring wells covered by Holloman's groundwater discharge permit.

Officials at Holloman said they have been working with the Environment Department since August on the issue -- and are already working to fix it -- but that it does not pose a safety issue as groundwater beneath the base is not used for drinking or anything else.

"Some of those results were no surprise to us," Technical Sgt. Matthew Rosine told UPI, because fire training had been conducted in some areas contamination was found, and chemicals used in the training are known to be carcinogenic.

Last November, the Air Force reported concentrations of PFAS at 137 parts per trillion at monitoring wells. The EPA's drinking water health advisory for PFAS is 70 parts per trillion. In addition, the Air Force reported identifying sampling results at other locations on base not covered by the groundwater discharge permit exceeding 1.2 million parts per trillion, which is more than 18,000 times the EPA's drinking water health advisory.

The suspected carcinogenic chemicals have been present in fire-suppressant foam previously used by the Air Force.

Exposure to PFAS can lead to cancer, thyroid disorders and low infant birth weights, according to the federal EPA.

The chemicals are known to be environmentally persistent and mobile in groundwater, and they bioaccumulate in the food web, New Mexico Environment Department spokeswoman Maddy Hayden told the Albuquerque Journal.

Rosine said Holloman doesn't "use the groundwater under the base or in this area for anything," including drinking, so the threat to health should be minimal.

"This contamination we have here at base is very limited, and it is limited to groundwater under the base," Rosine said. "However, we don't use the groundwater under the base -- it's considered unusable... All of our water comes from aquifers on the mountain."

Because water under the mountain is considered to be up-gradient, it's not possible for it to be contaminated by chemicals found on lower land, he said.

New Mexico's Environment Secretary-designate James Kenney said his agency was "dismayed by the Air Force's lack of prompt response to the contamination found at Holloman."

This is the third time the Air Force has been asked to deal with contamination problems at a New Mexico base. Cannon Air Force Base was linked to contaminated wells in a state environment report in October and Kirtland Air Force Base contaminated groundwater by jet fuel leakage from underground pipes that dates to the 1950s.

"New Mexico is a proud and welcoming host to three Air Forces bases, and we are entitled to accountability and access to safe, healthy water for households and businesses in our communities. We will pursue this and push the Air Force until it is achieved," the governor and congressional members said in a statement.

"Time is of the essence," Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham said in a separate statement. "I demand an action-oriented, productive environment where these longstanding issues are being substantively addressed by the Air Force. New Mexico stakeholders are asking me to weigh in directly because the Air Force has not been responsive to them. This is unacceptable."

Rosine said the legal and environmental teams at Hollowman, on receiving the letter from the Environmental Department, immediately "started working on a path ahead."

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