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TRADE WARS
Trump says WTO is unfair to US
by Staff Writers
Washington (AFP) April 6, 2018

In US-China trade dispute, what is intellectual property?
Washington (AFP) April 6, 2018 - At the heart of the escalation of US-China trade tensions is President Donald Trump's assertion of rampant "theft" of US intellectual property by China.

But what constitutes "intellectual property" in today's global economy?

- Joint ventures -

In order to sell goods in China, foreign companies must form joint ventures with local companies, which are usually state-owned in China.

That's the path General Motors took when it set up shop in China, where it now sells more automobiles than in the United States.

GM, the biggest US automaker, builds most of the cars sold in China in China itself and must share its know-how, or "intellectual property," with its local partner.

The situation is the same in other sectors, whether the aerospace, electronics or industrial machinery.

China has managed its interactions with foreign companies in this manner since joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, even though such arrangements are not permitted.

- Costs and benefits -

A 2013 report by the Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property said the prime goal of the independent panel was "changing the cost-benefit calculus for foreign entities that steal. American intellectual property."

The commission, led by former director of national intelligence Dennis Blair and former Intel chief executive Craig Barrett, updated its findings in March, labeling China "the world's largest source of intellectual property theft."

The commission's findings have formed the basis for Trump's threat to impose tariffs on $150 billion on Chinese goods.

The commission has estimated that theft of intellectual property costs the US economy between $225 billion and $600 billion annually.

- Blocking Chinese takeovers -

Questions about intellectual property are not isolated to US investments in China, but also pertain to Chinese ventures in the United States.

Chinese investments in the United States hit $29 billion in 2017, according to the US China Business Council, down 35 percent compared with 2016 due to limits set by Beijing on foreign investment, especially in housing and hospitality.

The US Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, an interagency review committee, has taken an increasingly skeptical approach to attempted Chinese acquisitions of US companies.

In January, CFIUS blocked a $1.2 billion takeover of the money transfer company Moneygram by China's Ant Financial, which is owned by Alibaba.

The committee in September also stopped the acquisition of Lattice Semiconductor by Canyon Bridge Capital Partners, a group funded in part by the Chinese government.

More recently, CFIUS raised worries about the proposed hostile takeover of Qualcomm by rival semiconductor company Broadcom, which is based in Singapore but relies heavily on China for sales.

Some US lawmakers want to beef up CFIUS' role further. A proposal introduced in Congress in November would strengthen the committee's ability to block not just mergers, but also investment stakes by Chinese interests in US companies.

US President Donald Trump teed up a fight with the World Trade Organization Friday, claiming the 164-country body was biased against the United States.

A day after China asked the WTO to referee a rapidly escalating trade fight with Washington, Trump questioned the organization's impartiality.

"China, which is a great economic power, is considered a Developing Nation within the World Trade Organization," he tweeted.

"They therefore get tremendous perks and advantages, especially over the U.S. Does anybody think this is fair. We were badly represented. The WTO is unfair to U.S."

Trump has repeatedly expressed skepticism about multilateral bodies -- from the WTO to the United Nations to NATO -- believing they constrain US power.

"Trump has made clear more than once what he thinks of multilateral institutions like the WTO," said Marie Kasperek of the Atlantic Council.

Trump's critics point out that Washington largely dictated terms inside those organizations, which have promoted a move toward more democratic market economies.

Products hit by US-China trade tensions
Paris (AFP) April 6, 2018 - Steel, soybeans, aircraft... The list of products hit by trade tensions between the United States and China increases almost daily.

US President Donald Trump, who has vowed repeatedly to reduce the trade deficit, began a series of announcement of tariffs.

The US trade deficit with China rose to $375 billion in 2017 out of a total of $566 billion.

Some measures have come into effect while others are in waiting, with both Washington and Beijing having detailed plans to levy charges on goods worth $50 billion.

On Thursday, US President Donald Trump threatened to impose duties on another $100 billion of Chinese imports.

Here is an overview of the main products targeted in the escalating trade duel between the world's two top economies.

- Steel and aluminium -

On March 8, Trump signed an order to impose tariffs of 25 percent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminium, citing national security concerns.

The tariffs came into effect on March 23.

Some countries were exempted, at least temporarily, but not China.

China is the world's top producer of steel and aluminium, but it accounts for only 2 percent of steel imports into the United States and 10 percent of aluminium.

- Intellectual property -

Trump also accuses China of unfair competition and stealing US intellectual property in the form of its inventions and innovation.

On March 23, the United States launched a challenge at the World Trade Organization against China over intellectual property breaches.

Foreign companies have long complained about Beijing's failure to protect know-how and patents, in some cases forcing firms to share information with domestic partners as the price for doing business in the massive Chinese market.

In August 2017 Washington formally started a trade investigation into China's intellectual property practices and the forced transfer of US technology under Section 301 of US trade law, which addresses intellectual property.

- Industrial products -

On April 3, Washington announced a provisional list of Chinese imports that would be subject to new duties, targeting products from various sectors including aeronautics, information and communication technologies, and robotics and machinery.

A few hours after the publication of the US target list, Beijing announced duties of 25 percent on the US aeronautics and automobile sectors.

In the aeronautics sector, the tariffs target planes weighing no more than 45,000 kg -- smaller than the long-range commercial jets made by Boeing, but the fate of medium-range 737 jets is left uncertain. Boeing says it is "confident that dialogue continues".

- Agricultural products -

In its response Beijing also targets soybeans with duties of 25 percent, an action aimed the heart of the US economy because China buys 61 percent of total US soybean exports and more than 30 percent of overall US production of this cereal.

The measure constitutes an electoral risk for Trump as he approaches mid-term elections, as soybeans are cultivated in states that voted for him in 2016, including Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas.

China had already announced duties of 15 to 25 percent on US agricultural products with little strategic importance, such as fresh fruit, pork and Californian wine.


Related Links
Global Trade News


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TRADE WARS
Trade war inches closer as US-China tensions mount
Washington (AFP) April 4, 2018
The escalating confrontation between Washington and Beijing inched closer to all-out trade war on Wednesday after China threatened retaliation against key US exports, sending global stocks lower initially. Beijing unveiled plans for painful import duties targeting politically-sensitive US exports, including soybeans, aircraft and autos, to retaliate against looming US tariffs on more than 1,000 Chinese goods worth about $50 billion. Wall Street opened sharply lower but closed with solid gains af ... read more

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