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TRADE WARS
White House warns China tariffs are not a bluff
by Staff Writers
Washington (AFP) April 6, 2018

In US-China trade dispute, what is intellectual property?
Washington (AFP) April 6, 2018 - At the heart of the escalation of US-China trade tensions is President Donald Trump's assertion of rampant "theft" of US intellectual property by China.

But what constitutes "intellectual property" in today's global economy?

- Joint ventures -

In order to sell goods in China, foreign companies must form joint ventures with local companies, which are usually state-owned in China.

That's the path General Motors took when it set up shop in China, where it now sells more automobiles than in the United States.

GM, the biggest US automaker, builds most of the cars sold in China in China itself and must share its know-how, or "intellectual property," with its local partner.

The situation is the same in other sectors, whether the aerospace, electronics or industrial machinery.

China has managed its interactions with foreign companies in this manner since joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, even though such arrangements are not permitted.

- Costs and benefits -

A 2013 report by the Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property said the prime goal of the independent panel was "changing the cost-benefit calculus for foreign entities that steal. American intellectual property."

The commission, led by former director of national intelligence Dennis Blair and former Intel chief executive Craig Barrett, updated its findings in March, labeling China "the world's largest source of intellectual property theft."

The commission's findings have formed the basis for Trump's threat to impose tariffs on $150 billion on Chinese goods.

The commission has estimated that theft of intellectual property costs the US economy between $225 billion and $600 billion annually.

- Blocking Chinese takeovers -

Questions about intellectual property are not isolated to US investments in China, but also pertain to Chinese ventures in the United States.

Chinese investments in the United States hit $29 billion in 2017, according to the US China Business Council, down 35 percent compared with 2016 due to limits set by Beijing on foreign investment, especially in housing and hospitality.

The US Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, an interagency review committee, has taken an increasingly skeptical approach to attempted Chinese acquisitions of US companies.

In January, CFIUS blocked a $1.2 billion takeover of the money transfer company Moneygram by China's Ant Financial, which is owned by Alibaba.

The committee in September also stopped the acquisition of Lattice Semiconductor by Canyon Bridge Capital Partners, a group funded in part by the Chinese government.

More recently, CFIUS raised worries about the proposed hostile takeover of Qualcomm by rival semiconductor company Broadcom, which is based in Singapore but relies heavily on China for sales.

Some US lawmakers want to beef up CFIUS' role further. A proposal introduced in Congress in November would strengthen the committee's ability to block not just mergers, but also investment stakes by Chinese interests in US companies.

Top US economic advisor Larry Kudlow on Friday warned a threat to hit China with tariffs on up to $150 billion of imports is not a negotiating ploy -- the White House wants a change in Chinese behavior.

Indicating a tough stance that escalates the risks of a trade war between the world's two largest economies, Kudlow told reporters that President Donald Trump believes China must move decisively to end intellectual property theft.

"Trump is not just using tariffs as a negotiating card, he's said that to me," Kudlow warned. "Something has to change."

Kudlow said that tariffs were still not a certainty and there were some "back channel" talks going on but "any foreign policy can go wrong."

"What this is, is an attempt by a strong willed, strong backboned president to right some very bad wrongs in the trade area with respect to China."

"Blame China, not Trump. China has been practicing unfair and illegal trading practices for several decades, they are out of compliance with the World Trade Organization in many cases."

Timeline of a month of escalating US-China trade tensions
Washington (AFP) April 6, 2018 - Trade tensions between the United States and China have been escalating over the past month, following President Donald Trump's decision to impose steep tariffs on steel and aluminum imports.

Here are the main dates in the conflict between the world's two largest economic powers:

- March 8 -

US President Donald Trump signs the order to impose tariffs of 25 percent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminum, citing national security concerns.

The goal was to address China's overproduction but the measures also would hit allies, prompting the European Union to threaten retaliation. The administration later temporarily exempted the EU, Canada, Mexico and four other economies from the duties.

- March 22 -

The Trump administration announces punitive tariffs on about $50 billion in Chinese goods in retaliation for what it says has been the massive theft of intellectual property from American companies.

Trump gives US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer 15 days to draw up a list of products to target, which Lighthizer said would be drawn from the industrial sectors Beijing has said it wants to dominate.

- March 23 -

In retaliation for the US tariffs on steel and aluminum, Beijing hits back, threatening tariffs on 128 American exports valued at about $3 billion, including fresh fruit, pork and recycled aluminum that could face duties of 15-25 percent in the event negotiations with Washington fail to resolve the dispute.

Economists say this response is measured, since it does not affect the main Chinese imports from the US.

The US files complaint in the World Trade Organization over Beijing's policies that Washington says violate intellectual property rights.

- March 26 -

Chinese authorities urge the United States to stop its "economic intimidation" and threaten further retaliation.

- March 29 -

China files a complaint in the WTO over the US steel and aluminum tariffs, which Washington says are based on national security concerns.

USTR in an April 4 letter calls that complaint "baseless."

- April 2 -

China's rolls out its punitive measures against the 128 US products in response to Trump's steel and aluminum duties. Fruit, pork and California wine are on the hit list.

- April 3 -

In response to the March 22 presidential order, USTR publishes the provisional list of imports that would be subject to new duties in retaliation for "the forced transfer of American technology and intellectual property."

This list, which targets imports representing approximately $50 billion, identifies products from various sectors including aeronautics, information and communication technologies, and robotics and machinery.

- April 4 -

A few hours after the publication of the US target list, Beijing responds with a list of $50 billion of US goods that will be hit in retaliation, this time including key exports: aircraft, auto and soybeans.

Trump responded in a tweet, saying, "We are not in a trade war with China, that war was lost many years ago by the foolish, or incompetent, people who represented the US."

- April 5 -

Trump calls China's retaliation "unfair" and orders USTR to consider tariffs on another $100 billion in Chinese imports.

"Rather than remedy its misconduct, China has chosen to harm our farmers and manufacturers," Trump said.

China files another WTO complaint over the tariffs on $50 billion in exports amid charges of intellectual property theft.

- April 6 -

China says it will fight the US "at any cost" and calls on the European Union to join with Beijing in battling US protectionism which it says threatens the rules-based global trading system overseen by the WTO.

"China and the EU ... should take a clear stance against protectionism, jointly preserve the rules-based multilateral trade order and keep the global economy on a sound and sustainable track," said Zhang Ming, the head of the Chinese mission to the EU.

Amid widespread concerns and calls for restraint from US businesses and those farm states most vulnerable to Chinese retaliation, Trump says the outcome will be worth the short-term risk.

"I'm not saying there's not going to be any pain," he said, but "we're going to be much stronger for it."


Related Links
Global Trade News


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TRADE WARS
Trade war inches closer as US-China tensions mount
Washington (AFP) April 4, 2018
The escalating confrontation between Washington and Beijing inched closer to all-out trade war on Wednesday after China threatened retaliation against key US exports, sending global stocks lower initially. Beijing unveiled plans for painful import duties targeting politically-sensitive US exports, including soybeans, aircraft and autos, to retaliate against looming US tariffs on more than 1,000 Chinese goods worth about $50 billion. Wall Street opened sharply lower but closed with solid gains af ... read more

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