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A World Redrawn: Respect Earth, says Algerian biomedical researcher
By Salsabil Chellali and Philippe Agret
Tunis (AFP) June 17, 2020

COVID-19 makes air pollution a top concern worldwide: report
Paris (AFP) June 17, 2020 - At least two-thirds of people in countries home to a fifth of the world's population support stricter laws and enforcement to tackle air pollution, the Clean Air Fund said Wednesday.

Researchers from the consortium of philanthropic groups analysed YouGov polling data from India, Britain, Nigeria, Bulgaria and Poland, the first survey across multiple countries on air pollution in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In India -- where air pollution killed roughly 1.2 million people in 2018 -- nine in 10 respondents said that they "wanted to see air quality improved in their area," researchers noted.

"Citizens are becoming more aware about how air pollution contributes to other public health challenges," said Arunabha Ghosh, the Chief Executive Officer Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW).

"The pandemic-induced lockdown has also given us a glimpse of blue skies. To make blue skies permanent, we cannot wait for public health crises."

Worldwide, air pollution causes around seven million premature deaths every year, according to the UN.

The most deadly forms of pollution come from burning fossil fuels, which is also the main driver of global warming.

- 'Higher risk of COVID mortality' -

Researchers have established a robust statistical correlation between exposure to air pollution and the likelihood of dying from COVID-19.

In Italy, for example, mortality was almost three times higher in the most polluted regions compared to the rest of the country, although other causes and contributing factors could not be excluded.

Researchers at Harvard comparing different areas in the United States found that every additional microgramme of small particle pollution per cubic metre corresponded to an eight percent increase in the likelihood of dying from COVID-19.

As countries across the northern hemisphere imposed strict lockdowns in March and April -- shutting down most non-essential work and travel -- air pollution nose-dived, falling by about one-third in comparison with previous levels, the report said.

With pollution levels rising again, so too has the public demand for tackling the problem, according to the Clean Air Fund's director Jane Burston.

"As lockdowns are eased and economies restarted, people are clear that they do not want a return to toxic air," she said. "That would simply replace one health crisis with another."

"Solutions already exist but they are not being scaled, copied or adapted with sufficient speed or focus," she added.

"Governments must harness this widespread public support for actions to clean our air, and use post-COVID recovery packages to protect our health and environment."

Governments should include air pollution targets in their economic stimulus packages, she said.

The World Bank has calculated that air pollution costs the global economy $225 billion (200 billion euros) each year in lost labour costs.

Algerian biomedical researcher Asma Mechakra is pleading for "respect" for all living beings and the Earth after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mechakra, 34, a senior post-doctoral research fellow at the University of Lausanne, is an expert on cellular and molecular biology who also gained expertise in China.

She has fought against conspiracy theories about the pandemic that have flooded social media in Algeria and elsewhere.

Ecologically conscious and belonging to a young politically engaged generation, she has campaigned for Algeria's anti-government "Hirak" protest movement.

AFP spoke to her about the impact of the pandemic and her views on the future.

- How did the pandemic affect researchers? -

"COVID had an impact on the provision of free knowledge. Researchers collaborated closely and posted their findings free of charge and quickly on the internet.

This was very good because it showed that science can be disseminated in many ways.

But on the downside, most of the research was posted online in pre-publication form, which has not yet gone through peer reviews. This means that the quality of the research is not guaranteed and as a result could lead to disparities."

- Have science and technology taken over? -

"I don't think so. The mission of science is not to rule. Its vocation is to produce knowledge, answer questions and especially create new questions.

There is fear, however, that technology could lead to total surveillance.

Repression prevails in some countries around the world, like what is happening in my country, but there is also hope that citizens will be become empowered.

So there are (signs of) hope, such as the Spanish leftist government's plan to introduce a universal basic income to help people cope with economic hardship."

- What are the lessons learnt from the crisis? -

"The main one is that it confronted humankind with its limits and boundaries.

The pandemic showed that mankind does not understand everything that surrounds it and that it is vulnerable in the face of nature, which it had thought it dominated.

Humans believe they have left their mark on geology and influenced ecosystems. But it takes just something small (like the virus) to make us confront our contradictions.

The crisis teaches us that pandemics in general are not simple exponential curves. They especially reflect political decisions. Countries have to rethink their health systems.

Instead of assuming responsibility for their failures in the face of COVID-19, some have shielded themselves behind conspiracy theories and China-bashing rather than reconsider their own neoliberal policies."

- What must change in a post-virus world? -

"Mankind should stop thinking it is at the centre of the universe and realise that the world we live in is made up of 'things and human beings'.

The modern way of life has focused on infinite growth. The global economy led to over-production, waste and consumerism and forced upon us structural changes such as climate change.

It has reduced the natural habitat of animals and led to a loss of biodiversity.

All this means that there are no longer boundaries between mankind and other living organisms and this can maybe create natural reservoirs in which infections grow.

(Late Algerian-born French philosopher) Jacques Derrida suggested that ethics should be extended to all living things and (Portuguese sociologist) Boaventura de Sousa Santos went even further, proposing to include a charter of the Rights of the Earth in the charter of human rights.

In order to conceive a (better) world, maybe we must create a special kind of humankind that can do just that."


Related Links
Our Polluted World and Cleaning It Up


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FROTH AND BUBBLE
Europe's beaches steadily getting cleaner: report
Copenhagen (AFP) June 8, 2020
Water quality at Europe's beaches has steadily improved in recent years, with the vast majority boasting excellent quality, a new report said Monday. Among 22,295 bathing spots studied last year, 84.6 percent had "excellent" water quality, the report published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) found. Since 2013, the number of sites in this category has risen by 2.2 points to 87.4 percent for coastal bathing waters, and by 2.6 points to 79.1 for inland bathing waters. Researchers studi ... read more

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