"Climate change is to a very large extent about water change," said Anders Berntell, head of the Stockholm International Water Institute. "Because it's through water that we will first and foremost experience climate change -- too much water, too little water, water in the wrong place at the wrong time."

The SIWI organizes World Water Week 2009, a conference bringing together some 2,000 politicians, experts and business leaders to discuss issues including water availability, health, conflicts over resources and climate change. The latter has dramatic effects on water, Berntell said.

"When it comes to food or energy production, there will be severe effects, and we haven't started preparing yet," he said.

Climate change is expected to decrease the availability of fresh water, a commodity already unevenly distributed. In Asia, global warming could cause a water-related catastrophe, observer say.

"Glaciers in the Himalayan region are beginning to melt severely," said Jakob Granit of SIWI. "There is being a period now where water has actually increased due to the melting into aquifers. But over time, that runoff water will decrease, and that will have an even larger impact. About 1 billion people will be affected in the long run."

Climate change will also increase the frequency of droughts and severe storms, with potentially catastrophic consequences for many world regions, experts warn.

"The typhoon hitting the south east China sea has caused the Chinese government to move about 1 million people from the provinces," Granit said.

After a disaster, a population is weakened, traumatized and vulnerable to outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and dysentery, the experts say. Then, access to clean water and sanitation facilities is key to minimize secondary death tolls.

"There are many communities in the developing world who are already affected by flooding and droughts and who would benefit from relatively straightforward and cheap measures to safeguard their lives and livelihoods," said Alastair Morrison, of the U.N. Development Program's water governance department. Staying in refugee camps with unsatisfactory conditions, in turn, causes stress and may even reignite old conflicts, he added.

According to UNICEF, almost 1 billion people lack access to safe water. Every day approximately 4,500 children die before their fifth birthday due to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene, the group says.

"Simple, affordable and effective interventions such as hand washing with soap and water help reduce the incidence diarrheal morbidity -- the second biggest killer of children under five -- by up to 47 percent," UNICEF said in a statement.

One of the speakers at the conference is Bindeshwar Pathak, who invented a clean and energy-efficient toilet system linked to fermentation plants. Besides producing odor-free bio gas, the system also releases clean water. The toilet system has improved sanitation in India, a country notorious for avoidable diseases, and it won him a $150,000 prize that he will receive at this week's conference.

The United Nations declared 2005-2015 the international decade of water, in a bid to speed up the millennium goals. Water Week 2009 comes less than six months before a U.N.-mandated conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, is due to agree on a global climate protection agreement.

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