Whereas plans to leave the bloc took centre stage at the last European polls in 2019, far-right parties have shifted their focus to issues such as immigration as they seek mainstream votes.
"Quickly a lot of far-right parties abandoned their firing positions and their radical discourse aimed at leaving the European Union, even if these parties remain eurosceptic," Thierry Chopin, a visiting professor at the College of Europe in Bruges told AFP.
Britain, which formally left the EU in early 2020 following the 2016 Brexit referendum, remains the only country to have left so far.
Here is a snapshot:
- No Nexit -
The Dutch Freedom Party (PVV) led by Geert Wilders won a stunning victory in Dutch national elections last November and polls indicate it will likely top the European vote in the Netherlands.
While the manifesto for the November election stated clearly: "the PVV wants a binding referendum on Nexit" -- the Netherlands leaving the EU -- such a pledge is absent from the European manifesto.
The European manifesto is still fiercely eurosceptic, stressing: "No European superstate for us... we will work hard to change the Union from within."
The PVV, which failed to win a single seat in 2019 European Parliament elections, called for an end to the "expansion of unelected eurocrats in Brussels" and took aim at a "veritable tsunami" of EU environmental regulations.
- No Frexit either -
Leaders of France's National Rally (RN) which is also leading the polls in a challenge to President Emmanuel Macron, have also explicitly dismissed talk they could ape Britain's departure when unveiling the party manifesto in March.
"Our Macronist opponents accuse us... of being in favour of a Frexit, of wanting to take power so as to leave the EU," party leader Jordan Bardella said.
But citing EU nations where the RN's ideological stablemates are scoring political wins or in power, he added: "You don't leave the table when you're about to win the game."
Bardella, 28, who took over the party leadership from Marine Le Pen in 2021, is one of France's most popular politicians.
The June poll is seen as a key milestone ahead of France's next presidential election in 2027, when Le Pen, who lead's RN's MPs, is expected to mount a fourth bid for the top job.
- Dexit, maybe later -
The co-leader of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, Alice Weidel, said in January 2024 that the United Kingdom's Brexit referendum was an example to follow for the EU's most populous country.
Weidel said the party, currently Germany's second most popular, wanted to reform EU institutions to curb the power of the European Commission and address what she saw as a democratic deficit.
But if the changes sought by the AfD could not be realised, "we could have a referendum on 'Dexit' -- a German exit from the EU", she said.
The AfD which has recently seen a significant drop in support as it contends with various controversies, had previously downgraded a "Dexit" scenario to a "last resort".
- Fixit, Swexit, Polexit... -
Elsewhere the eurosceptic Finns Party, which appeals overwhelmingly to male voters, sees "Fixit" as a long-term goal.
The Sweden Democrats (SD) leader Jimmie Akesson and leading MEP Charlie Weimers said in February in a press op ed that "Sweden is prepared to leave as a last resort." Once in favour of a "Swexit", the party, which props up the government of Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson, in 2019 abandoned the idea of leaving the EU due to a lack of public support.
In November 2023 thousands of far-right supporters in the Polish capital Warsaw called for a "Polexit".
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