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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Japan rebuild may hit $309bn, radiation fears grow

Japan buries tsunami victims in mass grave
Higashimatsushima, Japan (AFP) March 23, 2011 - Relatives wept and soldiers saluted as dozens of tsunami victims in simple wooden coffins were buried in a mass grave Wednesday in a city in northeast Japan overwhelmed by death. With makeshift morgues close to overflowing and crematoriums unable to keep pace with the numbers of bodies, the Japanese authorities have taken the drastic step of using mass burial sites as temporary resting places. The burials in Higashimatsushima began on Tuesday, and 60 bodies have now been interred in a series of 50 metre-long trenches dug at the site of a former recycling centre on the outskirts of the town, including 36 on Wednesday. Japanese usually cremate their dead, but the normal system has been unable to cope with the impact of the March 11 tsunami. The confirmed death toll currently stands at more than 9,400 with nearly 15,000 more missing.

"At the local crematorium, we can only cremate six bodies a day, and that just isn't enough for the situation we have here," said municipal official Hatsuhiro Kono. Japanese funerals are usually an elaborate mix of religion and tradition, with the deceased laid out with their head facing north for a wake, followed by a ceremony in which incense is burned and a monk often chants Buddhist sutras. After the cremation, the family uses chopsticks to pick the bone fragments from the ash, pass them from person to person and put them in an urn, which stands on an altar at home for several weeks before being placed in a grave. The plan for the tsunami victims, Kono said, was for the remains to be exhumed once a semblance of normality had returned to the area, when the families would be allowed to cremate them with the proper rituals.

It was not clear if this could take months, or maybe even years. Kono said 400 more bodies were currently awaiting burial and with corpses being recovered from the devastated area on a daily basis the local government is preparing for a final count of up to 1,000 at the mass grave. For the moment, the authorities in Higashimatsushima are only burying bodies which have been positively identified. The simple wooden coffins, draped in white cloth, were laid in the mass grave by uniformed members of the Japanese Self Defence Force, who wore face masks and saluted each set of remains as they were lowered down.

The tops of the coffins were then opened to allow family members, who numbered around 100, to say a last tearful goodbye and to slip some mementoes into the casket before it was closed up. After the trench had been filled with earth, each plot was marked with a small wooden stake bearing the name of the deceased. Kono said those bodies that remained unidentified would be buried last to give the maximum time possible for someone to claim them.

Eventually, however, they would also have to be interred, with records and DNA samples kept to facilitate any future identification. Despite the miraculous rescue of two people from the rubble of one town on Sunday, the main search effort along Japan's northeastern coast switched its focus from survivors to bodies days ago. Experts say the remains of the vast majority of those missing will never be recovered given the destructive force of the tsunami that wiped out entire communities.
by Staff Writers
Osaka (AFP) March 23, 2011
Japan on Wednesday said the cost of rebuilding the country after its biggest recorded earthquake could be as much as 25 trillion yen ($309 billion) as a deepening radiation scare hit shares.

In the biggest estimate so far, Japan put the cost of the earthquake-tsunami disaster at more than twice that inflicted by the 1995 Kobe quake. The World Bank has said Japan needs up to five years to rebuild.

Analysts warn however that the figure may rise the longer an atomic crisis at the stricken Fukushima nuclear plant remains unresolved, with an ongoing radiation scare threatening the capital Tokyo, 250 kilometres (155 miles) away.

"The damage is far bigger than the Kobe quake," Japan's economy minister Kaoru Yosano told a press conference, adding "it will take a long time to complete reconstruction."

Japanese shares, which had been slightly lower on profit-taking after two days of strong gains, fell sharply in late trade after the Tokyo Metropolitan government said levels of radioactive iodine exceeded safe limits for infants for two consecutive days.

"This is a huge setback, as we expected the impact from the nuclear radiation to be limited up to this point," said Yumi Nishimura, deputy general manager at Daiwa Securities.

The Nikkei 225 index ended down 1.65 percent, or 158.85 points to 9,449.47. The Topix index slipped 7.03 points, or 0.81 percent, to 861.10.

Markets are vulnerable to signs of setback in delicate operations to restore power to overheating reactors at the leaking Fukushima atomic plant crippled by the March 11 disaster.

Japan's food contamination scare has rippled across the world. The United States blocked imports of dairy and other produce from regions around the disaster-struck power plant.

Japan ordered the halt of shipments of a range of farm products grown near the Fukushima facility after health ministry tests found vastly elevated levels of iodine and caesium.

The twin disasters have plunged Japan into what Prime Minister Naoto Kan has called its worst crisis since World War II.

The top end of the government's estimate puts its cost at more than double that of the 9.6 trillion yen impact of the Kobe earthquake, and four times that of Hurricane Katrina's $81 billion cost in the United States.

The total cost from collapse or damage to houses, factories and infrastructure such as roads and bridges was estimated at 16 trillion-25 trillion yen over the next three fiscal years, the Cabinet Office said.

"The scale of the loss due to the earthquake and tsunami will be unprecedented," noted Susumu Kato of Credit Agricole.

Hundreds of thousands have been made homeless by the 9.0-magnitude quake and the devastating tsunami it unleashed, which erased entire towns.

The confirmed death toll from the disaster rose Wednesday to 9,408, and Japan holds little hope for 14,716 officially listed as missing.

A mammoth rebuilding task will be required in its aftermath but Japan faces a huge challenge in financing it without expanding a public debt that is already the industrialised world's biggest at around 200 percent of GDP.

The nation's credit rating was recently downgraded on concerns that not enough is being done to address it.

Production halts at some of Japan's top companies due to damaged facilities, rolling power outages and broken supply chains crucial to making cars, electronic gadgets and machinery have hammered output.

Transport networks along the northeast have been shattered.

In a bid to soothe financial markets and ensure institutions have enough funds in the face of spiking demand, the Bank of Japan has pumped a record 40 trillion yen into the financial system to boost confidence since the disaster. It did not inject funds Wednesday.

Dealers said the BoJ was also playing its part to increase the effectiveness of a concerted intervention by Japan and its Group of Seven partners aimed at weakening the yen by leaving the money in the system, boosting supply.

The Japanese unit was flat against the dollar from 80.92 late Tuesday in New York after surging to a post World War II high last week under 77 yen to the dollar.

The yen was also up at 114.49 to the euro from 115.11.

-- Dow Jones Newswires contributed to this story --



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