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Nepal emerges as 'poacher's paradise'

Obama lion helps raise money for conservation in Kenya
Nairobi (AFP) Nov 7, 2009 - A life-sized lion statue with US President Barack Obama's face painted on it has helped raise some 170,000 dollars (114,000 euros) for lion conservation in Kenya, the auctioneer said Saturday. Forty-nine lion statues went for prices ranging from around 1,100 dollars to over 13,000. "We've raised in the region of 12,680,000 Kenya Shillings," auctioneer Philip Coulson told participants as he wrapped up the bidding in the early hours of Saturday. Each statue is the work of a different artist, and one has Obama's face painted on its haunch. The US president's father was Kenyan. Another has a mane made from recycled flipflops, yet another sports chains and is bright pink -- the colour of the packets containing the poison most commonly used to kill lions.

The statues, on display in the Kenyan capital for the past two months, were aimed at highlighting the plight of the big cats whose numbers have been decimated in the past two or three decades. Lions in Kenya now number just over 2,000, according to the Kenya Wildlife Service. That compares to 2,749 lions seven years ago and some 30,000 back in the 1970s. Increasing human population and greater numbers of livestock have sparked habitat competition that often results in herders spearing or poisoning lions who prey on their stock. Kenya's lion population has been dropping by an average 100 lions each year since 2002, the Kenya Wildlife Service said earlier this year. "It's in the past 20 years that the drop has been most significant," said Daniel Woodley, who is in charge of the Tsavo West National Park for KWS.

Rising livestock populations, exacerbated by a series of failed rainy seasons, means cattle encroach on parks due to lack of pasture. Kenya's human population, which stood at 22 million in 1988, has almost doubled and is expected to double again by 2050, pushing people to settle in areas they would previously have rejected as barren. "If farmers have poor crops they will go after the same prey as lions do," Woodley said. Efforts to save lions are relatively new and it is only recently that the animals have been considered vulnerable. "In the last 20 years easily 70 percent of the population has been knocked out and that's a conservative estimate," Woodley said. Unless the current rate of decline is checked, the lion will be extinct in Kenya by 2030.
by Staff Writers
Kathmandu (AFP) Nov 8, 2009
Forest warden Narendra Man Babu Pradhan is on the frontline of Nepal's battle against poachers and he grimaces as he recalls the recent discovery of an injured rhino whose horn had been cut off.

"We found a male rhino with bullet in his head around a lake in the park. It was a horrific sight," said Pradhan, who was informed by tour guides about the injured animal.

"The poachers had cut the horn off without killing it and it seemed in great pain," said the chief warden of the Chitwan National Park in southwest Nepal, a UNESCO world heritage site that is popular with foreign tourists.

Pradhan, who said the incident was the worst of his 20-year wildlife career, did everything he could to save the rhino but it died within two weeks.

In Nepal, poaching is getting worse, conservationists say, and the country has emerged as a hub for the illegal trade in animal parts given its strategic location between India, the source of material, and the Chinese market.

Porous borders, a lack of coordination between countries in the region and political instability in Nepal mean the men with guns and underworld connections are gaining the upper hand.

"The disappearance of tigers and seizures of skins, bones and rhino horns indicate poaching and trafficking is growing," Shiva Raj Bhatta, spokesman at Nepal's department of national parks and wildlife conservation, told AFP.

"Our wildlife is in a critical stage. We believe Nepal is fast developing as an international hub for wildlife trade and turning into a poacher's paradise."

Chitwan Park has lost 24 rhinos -- 17 of them killed by poachers -- in the past 18 months.

The figures for Asian big cats are not encouraging either.

A new tiger census carried out earlier this year showed that there were 121 adult tigers in Nepal's parks. In two parks in southwestern Nepal, the numbers fell by 60 percent, from 65 to 26.

World Bank president Robert Zoellick, who sent a video message to a tiger conservation forum at the end of October, said that traders and poachers were better organised than policymakers and conservationists.

"At present the illegal trade in wildlife is estimated at over 10 billion dollars (annually) across Asia -- second only to weapons and drug smuggling," he said.

In India, where tiger numbers are dwindling, experts say the border between India and Nepal serves as the principal route for contraband from India to the main market in China.

Poachers bribe poor forest dwellers to guide them through the dense jungles.

Part of the problem in Nepal, explained Bhatta, is that recent political turmoil has handed smugglers the opportunity to expand their operations.

Nepal's decade-long civil war between Maoist rebels and the state ended in 2006 with a UN-brokered peace agreement.

Since then the country has seen tumultuous change, with the ultra-leftists winning landmark polls, abolishing the 240-year-old monarchy and declaring Nepal a secular state before their government fell in May.

"Before the peace accord, the army used to be mobilised both inside and outside the parks, which created a psychological deterrent to the poachers," Bhatta said.

"Now the army is confined just inside the parks and in barracks."

Tiger and leopard parts, rhino horns, otter skins, live birds and turtles are known to pass through Nepal.

Rhino horns are highly valued as an aphrodisiac in China, and are used to make dagger handles in Arab countries.

Tigers attract huge sums of money in Asia, with their body parts used in traditional medicines and aphrodisiacs while their skins are used for furniture and decoration.

Samir Sinha, head of TRAFFIC India, a wildlife trade monitoring network, agreed with Zoellick that smuggling in animal parts had grown into a multi-billion-dollar business.

"All the signals are there to suggest that wildlife trafficking is fast emerging as transnational crime and is growing alarmingly," Sinha told AFP. "It will be difficult to win a battle against the traffickers unless countries collaborate with each other and share information and intelligence regularly."

A single tiger skin fetches a maximum of about 1,000 dollars in the local market, but more than 10,000 dollars internationally.

A single rhino horn can fetch as much as 14,000 dollars on the international black market, experts say.

Prasanna Yonzon of Wildlife Conservation Nepal, a local group monitoring the illegal trade, said Nepal had "ideal conditions" for wildlife trafficking as the borders with India and China are porous and lack proper security.

"Nepal is not the market for consumption and we don't have control over the market," said Yonzon, whose group has helped authorities nab over 100 poachers and traders through undercover operations in the last four years.

"The main market is China and other Asian countries. We are just being used as a conduit route to smuggle wildlife parts to the end users in those countries."

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