The dawn quake hit around 30 kilometres (19 miles) north of the provincial capital of Herat, where thousands were spending a fourth night in the open after Saturday's quakes flattened their villages.
"It's horrible, the whole of Herat is terrified," said 32-year-old Abdul Qudos.
"We are so scared that even when we see the trees moving (in the wind), we think it's another earthquake coming."
At least one person was killed and 120 injured by the latest quake, said Abdul Zahir Noorzai, ambulance manager for Herat Regional Hospital.
"The people in these (rural) areas were living outside their homes which are already destroyed" but were hit by fresh falling debris from unstable ruins, he told AFP.
The quake was followed by aftershocks measuring 5.0 and 4.1, but an AFP reporter said damage in Herat city -- home to more than half a million -- was minimal.
Many residents have camped in tents, cars and gardens since Saturday's magnitude 6.3 quake and a series of powerful aftershocks.
"Our children are so scared that they stay awake until the morning. They don't sleep," said 40-year-old Aziz Ahmad.
At Herat Regional Hospital, patients were being treated in an outdoor courtyard. Ambulances were arriving Wednesday morning, but most injuries appeared to be minor.
Afghanistan is frequently hit by deadly earthquakes, but the weekend disaster was the worst to strike the war-ravaged country in more than 25 years.
- Casualties in flux -
Volunteers have been digging for survivors and bodies from the earlier quakes which totally destroyed at least six villages in rural Zenda Jan district and affected more than 12,000 people, the UN says.
Local and national officials have given conflicting counts of the number of dead and injured, but the disaster ministry has said 2,053 people died.
"We can't give exact numbers for dead and wounded as it is in flux," said disaster management ministry spokesman Mullah Janan Sayeq.
Providing shelter on a large scale will be a challenge for Afghanistan's Taliban authorities, who seized power in August 2021, and have fractious relations with international aid organisations.
"Not a single house is left, not even a room where we could stay at night," said 40-year-old Mohammad Naeem, who told AFP he lost 12 relatives, including his mother, after Saturday's earthquakes.
"We can't live here anymore. You can see, our family got martyred here. How could we live here?"
Most homes in rural Afghanistan are made of mud and built around wooden support poles, with little in the way of steel or concrete reinforcement.
Multi-generational extended families generally live under the same roof, meaning serious earthquakes can devastate communities.
Afghanistan is already suffering a dire humanitarian crisis, with the widespread withdrawal of foreign aid following the Taliban's return to power.
Herat province, on the border with Iran, is home to around 1.9 million people, and its rural communities have been suffering from a years-long drought.
Thousands of Afghans out in cold after deadly quakes
Nayeb Rafi, Afghanistan (AFP) Oct 10, 2023 -
Thousands of Afghans who survived a powerful earthquake that killed more than 2,00 people were bracing for a winter of homelessness on Tuesday, as rescuers made last-ditch efforts to find survivors.
Volunteers have worked with spades and pickaxes in Herat province since Saturday's deadly magnitude 6.3 quake -- followed by powerful aftershocks -- while others dug graves instead.
The United Nations said more than 12,000 people, from some 1,700 families, are estimated to have been affected.
It said "100 percent" of homes were destroyed in 11 villages of Zenda Jan district.
Zareen, in the village of Nayeb Rafi, where 11 of his family members were killed in the crush of falling masonry, said aid tents would not withstand the winter storms.
"If the government doesn't take us away or help us, we will be stuck here," the man in his 70s told AFP.
Providing shelter on a large scale will be a challenge for Afghanistan's Taliban authorities, who seized power in August 2021, and have fractious relations with international aid organisations.
"Not a single house is left, not even a room where we could stay at night," said 40-year-old Mohammad Naeem, who told AFP he lost 12 relatives including his mother.
"We can't live here anymore. You can see, our family got martyred here. How could we live here?"
- Discharged patients homeless -
In the provincial capital of Herat city -- 30 kilometres (19 miles) southeast of the quake epicentres in hard-to-reach Zenda Jan district -- Doctors Without Borders said the injured now faced a new ordeal.
"More than 340 patients discharged yesterday don't want to leave the hospital as they have no homes to return to," the charity said on social media site X.
Local and national officials gave conflicting counts of the number of dead and injured, but the disaster ministry has said 2,053 people died.
"We can't give exact numbers for dead and wounded as it is in flux," said disaster management ministry spokesman Mullah Janan Sayeq.
The UN said Tuesday the death toll stood at nearly 1,300 with nearly 500 more still missing, the majority of them women.
Afghanistan is frequently hit by deadly earthquakes, but the weekend disaster is the worst to strike the impoverished country in more than 25 years.
- 'Crisis on top of crisis' -
Taliban authorities have banned women from working for UN and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Afghanistan, making it difficult to assess family needs in deeply conservative parts of the country.
Amnesty International said the Taliban government should ensure that rescue and relief efforts are carried out "without discrimination" and guarantee unrestricted access to the affected regions to humanitarian agencies.
"It is critical that all assistance meets the needs of the most at-risk groups who often face compounded challenges in crisis situations, including women," said South Asia regional researcher Zaman Sultani.
Most rural homes in Afghanistan are made of mud and built around wooden support poles, with little in the way of modern steel reinforcement.
Multi-generational extended families generally live under the same roof, meaning disasters such as Saturday's quake can devastate local communities.
Afghanistan is already suffering a dire humanitarian crisis, with the widespread withdrawal of foreign aid following the Taliban's return to power.
Save the Children called the quakes "a crisis on top of a crisis".
Herat province -- home to around 1.9 million people on the border with Iran -- has also been hit by a years-long drought that has crippled many hardscrabble farm communities.
The country is prone to quakes, especially in the Hindu Kush mountain range, which lies near the junction of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates.
More than 1,000 people were killed and tens of thousands left homeless in June last year after a 5.9-magnitude quake struck the impoverished province of Paktika.
More than 4,000 people died in a magnitude 6.5 quake that struck Takhar province in 1998.
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