The 30-year-old man was among three protesters admitted for emergency treatment after the protest in the southwestern village of Sainte-Soline Saturday, prosecutor Julien Wattebled said.
The other two were a 19-year-old woman with a facial injury and a 27-year-old man with a broken foot.
A special inquiry had been opened "to determine the exact nature" of their injuries and "the circumstances" leading to them, Wattebled said.
Four more protesters were injured but not hospitalised, while 29 policemen also sustained injuries, two of whom had to be taken to hospital, the prosecutor's office said.
Campaigners in Sainte-Soline were trying to stop the construction of giant water "basins" to irrigate crops, which they say will distort access to water amid drought conditions.
The water reserve is the second of 16 such installations, part of a project developed by a group of 400 farmers to significantly reduce mains water usage in summer.
The open-air craters, covered with a plastic tarpaulin, are filled by pumping water from surface groundwater in winter and can store up to 650,000 cubic metres (140 million gallons) of water.
This water is used for irrigation in summer, when rainfall is scarcer.
Opponents claim the "megabasins" are wrongly reserved for large export-oriented grain farms and deprive the community of access to the essential resource.
The authorities said 6,000 protesters took part, while organisers said there were up to 30,000 people.
Once they arrived at the construction site, which was defended by around 3,000 members of the security forces, clashes quickly broke out between the more radical activists and police, AFP correspondents said.
Protesters threw projectiles including improvised explosives, while police responded with tear gas, water cannon and rubber bullets.
- 'Indiscriminate use of force' -
The French government denounced "an intolerable surge of violence", while organisers condemned "a massive repression operation".
"I can only condemn the extreme violence," Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne told AFP on Sunday, referring to "images of individuals who have no other objective than to injure the police".
The Human Rights League, a French watchdog, on Sunday accused the police of resorting to "unrestrained and indiscriminate use of force on all people present".
Its 22 observers on site recorded "massive and indiscriminate firing of tear gas" by police at the crowds, it added.
This included tear gas fired at elected officials protecting injured people and "several cases of the force impeding the intervention of rescue services", it said.
The police responded that its members had faced "extremely violent individuals" and had applied "proportionate use of force, massively using tear gas".
Officers had not seen any officials, and were "attacked by people armed with incendiary devices" as the injured were to be evacuated, police added.
The clashes in Sainte-Soline came after days of unrest elsewhere in France over President Emmanuel Macron's pensions reform, which forced the cancellation of a visit by Britain's King Charles III.
Outrage over Macron imposing the bill without a parliamentary vote has sparked daily clashes between protesters and police in French cities over the past week.
But since January, hundreds of thousands of French people have also peacefully marched against the reform, which includes raising the retirement age from 62 to 64.
Security forces have this week faced criticism for their heavy-handed tactics in dealing with the protests.
On Friday, the Council of Europe warned that sporadic violence in protests "cannot justify excessive use of force".
New violent clashes rock France in water protest
Sainte-Soline, France (AFP) March 25, 2023 -
French police again clashed with protesters Saturday as campaigners sought to stop the construction of reservoirs in the southwest, the latest in a series of violent standoffs as social tensions erupt nationwide.
The violent scenes in Sainte-Soline in western France came after days of violent protests nationwide over President Emmanuel Macron's pension reform that prompted the cancellation of a visit by King Charles III of the UK.
The protest movement against the pension reform have turned into the biggest domestic crisis of Macron's second mandate, with daily clashes in the streets of Paris and other cities between police and protesters.
Several protesters and members of security forces were wounded in the clashes around Sainte-Soline as campaigners sought to stop the construction of reservoirs for the agricultural industry.
A long procession set off late morning, comprising at least 6,000 people according to local authorities and around 25,000 according to the organisers.
"While the country is rising up to defend pensions, we will simultaneously stand up to defend water," said the organisers gathering under the banner of "Bassines non merci" ("No to reservoirs, thank you").
Around the construction site, defended by the police, violent clashes quickly broke out between the security forces and radical militants, AFP correspondents said.
- 'Completely inexcusable' -
Multiple projectiles and improvised explosives were thrown by protesters, with police responding with tear gas and water cannon.
Twenty-four members of the security forces were wounded, one very seriously, said Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin. Seven protesters were wounded, also one very seriously. Both seriously wounded individuals were evacuated by helicopter.
"This eruption of violence is completely inexcusable," Darmanin told reporters in Paris, blaming elements on the "extreme left and the ultra-left".
Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne condemned an "intolerable spiral of violence" at the protest.
Eleven people were detained after police seized cold weapons, including petanque balls and meat knives, as well as explosives.
While not directly related to the anti-pensions reform campaign, the clashes over the water reservoir construction have added to tensions in an increasingly challenging situation for the government.
The cancellation of Charles' state visit -- which was to be his very first abroad as monarch -- was a major embarrassment for Macron and acknowledgement of the seriousness of the situation.
After the worst clashes yet of the three-month movement on Thursday night, protest activity has been less intense in the last 24 hours.
But the government is bracing for another torrid day on Tuesday when unions are due to hold another round of strikes and protests.
This would have been the second full day of Charles' visit, which now must find a new date in his packed calendar. Instead, Germany will be his first foreign destination as monarch.
The scenes in France have sparked astonishment abroad. "Chaos reigns in France," said the Times of London above a picture of rubbish piling up.
Meanwhile Macron has faced accusations from the left that he removed a luxury watch in the middle of a television interview Wednesday, fearing images of the timepiece could further damage his reputation.
- 'I will not give up' -
Uproar over legislation to raise the retirement age from 62 to 64 was enflamed when Macron exercised a controversial executive power to push the plan through parliament without a vote last week.
The streets of the capital have also been strewn with rubbish because of a strike by waste collectors.
But there has also been controversy over the tactics used by the French security forces to disperse the protests with The Council of Europe warning that sporadic violence in protests "cannot justify excessive use of force".
Macron has defiantly refused to offer concessions, saying in a televised interview Wednesday that the changes needed to "come into force by the end of the year".
The Le Monde daily said Macron's "inflexibility" was now worrying even "his own troops" among the ruling party.
In a sign of the febrile atmosphere, the leader of Macron's faction in parliament Aurore Berge posted on Twitter a handwritten letter she received threatening her 4-month-old baby with physical violence, prompting expressions of solidarity across the political spectrum.
It remains unclear how the government will defuse the crisis, four years after the "Yellow Vest" demonstrations rocked the country, with Borne under particular pressure.
"I will not give up on building compromises," Borne told a conference on Saturday.
"I will not give up on acting. I am here to find agreements and carry out the transformations necessary for our country and for the French," she said.
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