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Satellites have drastically changed how we forecast hurricanes
by Jenny Marder for GSFC News
Greenbelt MD (SPX) Jun 23, 2020

A train of hurricane ready to reck havoc.

The powerful hurricane that struck Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900, killing an estimated 8,000 people and destroying more than 3,600 buildings, took the coastal city by surprise.

This video looks at advances in hurricane forecasting in the 120 years since, with a focus on the contributions from weather satellites. This satellite technology has allowed us to track hurricanes - their location, movement and intensity.

"One of the dramatic impacts is that satellite data keeps an eye on the target," especially over unpopulated areas such as oceans, said JPSS Director Greg Mandt. "We're sort of like your eyes in the sky to make sure that Mother Nature can never surprise you."

A fleet of Earth-observing satellites, including those from the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite series (GOES-R), provides remarkable advances in hurricane forecasting.

The JPSS polar-orbiting satellites measure the state of the atmosphere by taking precise measurements of sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperature and moisture, which are critical to securing storm forecasts several days in advance.

Improved sensors also give us a better understanding of the core of hurricanes and allow forecasters to predict where they're going to hit, without over-warning, Mandt said. "Then you can narrow and shrink that cone of uncertainty and give a better prediction."

The GOES satellites orbit at the same rate as the Earth spins, which allows them to stare at hurricanes as they evolve. That, combined with advances to the sensors, gives us a view of hurricanes in motion.

"We take a full-disc picture of the entire hemisphere in five minutes," said GOES-R Series System Program Director Pam Sullivan. "But we can also look at a smaller area and scan it every 30 seconds. You get to see the hurricane eye wall forming. You can see it actually forming in real time. The Earth looks alive. It looks like a living thing."

+ Video: Eyes in the Sky


Related Links
GOES at NSAS
Bringing Order To A World Of Disasters
When the Earth Quakes
A world of storm and tempest


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NASA Observes Large Saharan Dust Plume Over Atlantic Ocean
Greenbelt MD (SPX) Jun 21, 2020
NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite observed a huge Saharan dust plume streaming over the North Atlantic Ocean, beginning on June 13. Satellite data showed the dust had spread over 2,000 miles. At NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, Colin Seftor, an atmospheric scientist, created an animation of the dust and aerosols from the plume using data from instruments that fly aboard the Suomi NPP satellite. "The animation runs from June 13 to 18 and shows a massive Saharan dust cl ... read more

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