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WATER WORLD
The Ninja lanternshark: Scientists discover new deep sea species
by Brooks Hays
Moss Landing, Calif. (UPI) Dec 24, 2015


Study: Bats raise their voices when they're in a crowd
Tel Aviv, Israel (UPI) Dec 24, 2015 - New research shows bats produce longer, more intense echo-location calls when flying in large groups, surrounded by the noise of other bat calls.

Scientists have previously theorized that bats change the frequency of their call to identify it among the noise created by their peers, but the hypothesis had never been tested.

To figure out how bats echo-locate in a crowd, researcher at Tel Aviv University trained several bats to fly to a roost on command. Speakers placed near the roost pumped out bat calls to mimic the presence of different sized groups of bats.

Their experiments showed bats compete with "severe interference," or excessive crowd noise, by lengthening their calls and producing more intense calls -- the more bats, the longer and more intense the call.

Scientists found no evidence that the bats shift the tone, or frequency, of their call in order to navigate among company.

"Results suggest that the bats' response aimed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and not to avoid spectral overlap," researchers wrote in their study, published this week in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

"Ninja lanternshark" sounds like a video game character, but it's not. It's the unofficial name of newly discovered shark species. The shark's proper name is Etmopterus benchleyi.

"The common name we have suggested, Ninja Lanternshark, refers to the shark's color which is a uniform sleek black as well as the fact that it has fewer photophores [organs that emit light] than other species of lanternsharks," researcher Vicky Vásque told Mashable.

The species prefers the darkness of the deep ocean. If you happened to encounter it there, you might think you were meeting a ghost. The shark's skin is dotted with photophores, which give it an eerie glow as it hunts.

The lanternshark's faint glow isn't a giveaway but a disguise, illuminating the shark just enough to hide its shadow as it stalks prey.

Scientists described the new species in the Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, after catching and analyzing eight specimens off the Pacific coast of Central America. The sharks were captured at depths ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 miles.

The largest of the specimens measures just 20 inches in length, but researchers haven't captured an adult male, so they're not sure of the species' maximum size.

Lanternsharks, or Etmopterus, are a genus of dogfish sharks in the family Etmopteridae. There are 38 known species, but scientists are frequently finding new members of the family.

"About 20 percent of all shark species have been discovered in just the last ten years," Dave Ebert, program director at the Pacific Shark Research Center, told Hakai Magazine. "My whole research is looking for 'lost sharks.'"


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