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Toll rises in Guatemala volcano as more bodies recovered
By Henry Morales and Edgar Calderon
Alotenango, Guatemala (AFP) June 5, 2018

A volcanologist's take on Fuego eruption
Paris (AFP) June 4, 2018 - The eruption of the Fuego volcano in Guatemala was likely a "pyroclastic surge" similar to the one that destroyed the ancient city of Pompeii, says volcanologist David Rothery of The Open University in England.

The word pyroclastic is derived from the ancient Greek for "fire" and "fragments".

Rothery analysed for AFP the latest eruption which has killed at least 25 people:

Q: What type of an eruption was this?

A: "The cause of most deaths at the current eruption of Fuego (Guatemala) is being widely reported as a 'river of lava'. This is probably an inexpert description or a mistranslation. Fuego does not characteristically produce long fluid lava flows like those currently erupting from Kilauea (Hawaii). They are unlikely to reach inhabited areas, and are not the main hazard at this volcano.

"A lava flow (molten rock) rarely travels fast enough to engulf people...

"The videos and still images that I've seen suggest instead one or more pyroclastic flows. This is when a violently erupted mass of rock fragments and hot gas finds itself too dense to rise as an ash column, and instead cascades down the volcano's slopes.

"Pyroclastic flows (or surges) can move at over 100 kilometres (62 miles) per hour, and may be hot enough to glow like molten lava. They can travel further, as well as much faster, than lava flows. This is the phenomenon that claimed many lives during the famous AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius that destroyed Pompeii."

Q: Why now?

A: "No particular reason. There is no link to any recent earthquakes or to the eruption in Hawaii. It takes a LONG time for magma to accumulate at depth and rise toward the surface before it can erupt. The volcano 'plumbing' system below Fuego feels no influence whatsoever from events in Hawaii."

Q: Why was this eruption not predicted?

A: "I don't know. Fuego has been erupting since 2002, and was continuously active in 2017. On 17 May a 25-metre (82-foot) wide lahar (volcanic mudflow) came down the mountain, and there were explosions and ash plumes during 19-21 May.

"Given the activity... it might have been wise to declare an evacuation zone around the volcano."

Q: Is it over?

A: "The Guatemalan volcano monitoring authority (Insivumeh) is now reporting the eruption as over, although lahars remain a hazard when rain falls on newly-deposited ash. .. When rain falls on new ash it can turn into a dense slurry (like wet concrete) and devastate alleys (bridges can be destroyed.

Rescue workers pulled more bodies Monday from under the dust and rubble left by an explosive eruption of Guatemala's Fuego volcano, bringing the death toll to at least 65.

Disaster Relief Agency spokesman David de Leon told a briefing that after hours of searching for survivors, the number of dead had hit at least 65.

In addition, there are 46 people injured, most of them seriously, more than 1.7 million being hit by the disaster, including 3,271 ordered evacuated and 1,787 in shelters in the departments of Escuintla, Sacatepequez and Chimaltenango since Sunday's eruption.

The 3,763-meter (12,346-foot) volcano erupted early Sunday, spewing out towering plumes of ash and a hail of fiery rock fragments with scalding mud.

Authorities had warned the death toll could rise after searches resumed for survivors in communities on the mountain's southern flank.

After an initial toll of 25 dead, it was revised upwards within hours as bodies were recovered from villages razed by the tumbling mud.

"There are missing persons, but we do not know how many," said Sergio Cabanas of Guatemala's disaster management agency. A roll call of communities on the slopes of the volcano was under way.

The speed and ferocity of the eruption took mountain communities by surprise, with many of the dead found in or around their homes.

Cabanas said those who were killed had been overrun by fast-moving burning material discharged by the volcano Sunday. Communities located on its southern slope were the worst hit. Several of the dead were children.

An AFP journalist saw at least three bodies burned in the rubble of the village of San Miguel Los Lotes, where rescue workers, soldiers and police were desperately searching for survivors.

Dead dogs, chickens and ducks also lay among the mud and ash, much of it still smoking.

"I do not want to leave, but go back, and there is nothing I can do to save my family," a weeping Eufemia Garcia, 48, told AFP. She was searching for her three children, her mother, nephews and siblings.

Garcia, from Los Lotes, said she escaped with the help of her husband.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he was deeply saddened by the "tragic loss of life and the significant damage caused by the eruption," and said the UN was ready to assist national rescue and relief efforts.

- National mourning -

President Jimmy Morales, who has declared three days of national mourning, visited the disaster zone.

"The volcano has erupted before, but never like this," said Gustavo Larius, a 27-year-old bricklayer searching the streets of his village for missing family and friends, a handkerchief pressed over his mouth and nose.

The eruption sent ash billowing over the surrounding area, turning plants and trees gray and blanketing streets, cars and people.

Farmers covered in ash fled for their lives as civil defense workers tried to relocate them to shelters.

"This time we were saved; in another (eruption) no," said Efrain Gonzalez, 52, sitting on the floor of a shelter in the city of Escuintla, where he arrived with his wife and one-year-old daughter.

Gonzalez was overwhelmed with despair, as two more of his children, aged 10 and four, are missing. They were trapped in their home, which was flooded with hot mud that descended from the volcano.

Dense ash blasted out by the volcano shut down Guatemala City's international airport, civil aviation officials said.

The eruption ended after 16.5 hours, but "there is a likelihood that it will reactivate" warned the Institute of Volcanology.

- Surprising speed -

The speed of the eruption took locals by surprise, and could be explained by it producing pyroclastic flows, sudden emissions of gas and rock fragments, rather than lava, said volcanologist David Rothery of Britain's Open University.

"A lava flow rarely travels fast enough to engulf people," he said.

"The videos and still images I've seen suggest instead one or more pyroclastic flows. This is when a violently erupted mass of rock fragments and hot gas finds itself too dense to rise as an ash column and instead cascades down the volcano's slopes.

"Pyroclastic flows or surges can move at over 100 kilometers (62 miles) per hour, and may be hot enough to glow like molten lava. They can travel further, as well as much faster, than lava flows," said Rothery.

Fuego has been erupting since 2002, and was continuously active in 2017. There were explosions and ash plumes and a volcanic mudflow last month.

Guatemalans recall terror of eruption
Escuintla, Guatemala (AFP) June 4, 2018 - Sitting on the floor of the community shelter where he and his family found refuge, Manuel Lopez breathed a sigh of relief Monday after his close call with Guatemala's deadly Fuego volcano.

Barefoot, with his wife and two-month-old daughter sleeping on a blanket by his side, the 22-year-old recalled the terror that gripped his family as a tide of boiling mud and ash suddenly swept into their hillside home.

"It came in through the doors, through the windows. We were hot. We couldn't breathe. Everything was boiling," he said.

"We managed to escape by breaking down walls, fences, then climbing walls, and we got to where there were firefighters and soldiers," said Lopez. His other daughter, aged 4, had to be treated in hospital for leg burns.

The floor of the community hall in Escuintla, some 40 kilometers (25 miles) south of the Guatemalan capital, is temporary home to 272 people, including many children, who managed to outrun a surge of fiery rock and scalding mud when Fuego exploded on Sunday.

Everyone here comes from the village of El Rodeo, which was devastated by the pyroclastic flow that cascaded down the volcano's southern flank.

Guatemala's disaster response agency says at least 25 people were killed and some 3,000 inhabitants had to be evacuated. An unknown number of people are still missing.

"I was scared. This has never happened before," said Cleotilde Reyes, a woman in her sixties who was born in the area and is used to Fuego's frequent activity. She said she managed to escape at the last minute with her daughter and two grandchildren in a neighbor's van.

-Giant ash column-

"I do not dare to go home," said 36-year-old Erick Ortiz, who said he had sensed the danger and left his home with his wife and two young children as the towering column of smoke and ash plunged the area into darkness.

"I was scared seeing the darkness increase and we decided to leave before we could be trapped," he said.

Authorities said the thick black column reached an altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) and covered tens of square kilometers in ash, forcing the country's international airport to shut down.

The eruption had subsided Monday but a massive search operation, involving Civil Protection units, police and soldiers, was continuing.

Locals were still fearful that the volcano could erupt anew.

On the floor of the community center, Efrain Gonzalez, 52, says he cannot rest. His wife and one-year-old daughter managed to flee with him, but his 10-year old son and his other daughter, just four years old, are missing.

"This time we were saved. In another (eruption) no," he said.


Related Links
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SHAKE AND BLOW
Guatemala volcano eruption kills 25
Guatemala City (AFP) June 4, 2018
At least 25 people were killed when Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupted Sunday, belching ash and rock and forcing the capital's main airport to close. The volcano expelled hot muddy material that caused the deaths - including of several children - in the El Rodeo and Las Lajas communities located on its southern slope, disaster agency spokesman David de Leon said in a WhatsApp group. Search and rescue operations for the missing and dead have been suspended due to low light and dangerous conditio ... read more

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